What Is a Fire Door? Fire-Rated Door Definition & Function
Definition of a Fire Door
A fire door is constructed using fire-resistant materials and is installed with fire-rated hardware, intumescent seals, and smoke protection systems. Its main function is to maintain the structural integrity of an opening in a fire-rated wall during a fire event. Fire doors are rated according to the amount of time they can withstand fire exposure, such as 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, or more.
Why Fire Doors Are Important
Fire doors are an essential safety component in any building design. Their primary purposes include the following:
- Preventing fire and smoke from spreading between building compartments
- Allowing more time for people to evacuate safely
- Protecting critical escape routes such as staircases and corridors
- Reducing property damage by isolating the fire to a limited area
Materials Used in Fire Doors
The core structure of a fire door is typically made of solid timber, compressed mineral boards, or fire-resistant composite materials. The outer surface can be finished with:
- Steel sheets for durability and industrial-grade resistance
- Wood-plastic composite (WPC) for moisture resistance and custom aesthetics
- Veneer or laminate for decorative interior applications
High-quality fire doors are also fitted with intumescent seals, which expand under heat to seal gaps around the door edges. Smoke seals are often included to prevent the passage of harmful gases during a fire.
Fire Door Ratings and Classifications
Fire doors are tested and rated by certified laboratories based on their ability to resist fire under controlled conditions. The most common ratings include:
| Rating | Fire Resistance Time | Typical Applications |
|---|---|---|
| FD30 | 30 minutes | Internal residential doors, apartment entrances |
| FD60 | 60 minutes | Office corridors, staircases, schools, hotels |
| FD90 and FD120 | 90 to 120 minutes | Industrial plants, warehouses, hospitals |
Common Applications of Fire Doors
Fire doors are used in both new construction and renovation projects. Typical installation areas include:
- Main entry doors in residential buildings
- Fire escape routes in commercial buildings
- Room partitions in hotels and apartment complexes
- Interior access points in factories and storage units
Local building codes often dictate where and how fire doors must be used. It is important to consult fire safety professionals when planning door installations.
Fire Door Certification and Compliance
Fire doors must meet local and international standards to ensure their performance under fire conditions. Certifications may include:
- UL 10B and UL 10C (United States)
- BS 476 Part 22 (United Kingdom)
- EN 1634-1 (Europe)
Each certified fire door should display a permanent label indicating the door's fire rating, test standard, and certification body. Doors without labels are not considered compliant in most jurisdictions.
Fire Door Hardware and Accessories
A certified fire door is only effective when installed with fire-rated hardware, including:
- Automatic door closers to ensure the door remains shut during fire
- Steel hinges rated for high temperatures
- Fire-rated locks and latches
- Panic bars and emergency exit devices
Why Choose Zonle Fire Doors
Zonle Doors is a trusted supplier of certified fire-rated doors for commercial, industrial, and residential use. Our fire doors are tested to meet international standards and can be customized in size, color, material, and design to suit project requirements. We provide technical documentation, installation guidance, and international shipping support for contractors, developers, and building owners.
Contact Us
For bulk orders, certifications, or technical consultation, please visit our website at www.zonledoors.com/contact to get in touch with our team.